NETIQUETTE (ADAP PENGGUNAAN INTERNET)

Netiquette merupakan etika dalam penggunaan internet. Setiap orang mestilah mengikuti segala etika dalam menggunakan internet demi kesejahteraan masyarakat. 

Pengguna internet haruslah mengambil maklum bahawa adalah menjadi kesalahan untuk:

• Merosak dan mengancam keselamatandengan menggunakan hak akses pengguna lain untuk mencapai sistem komputer, mendapatkan maklumat dan mengubah komponen sistem tanpa kebenaran.
• Memuat naik, memuat turun, menyimpan dan menggunakan perisian tidak berlesen.
• Menyedia dan menghantar maklumat berulang-ulang kerana ianya dianggap sebagai gangguan.
• Memuat naik, memuat turun serta menyimpan material, teks, imej atau bahan-bahan lain yang mengandungi unsur lucah.
• Menyediakan, memuat naik, memuat turun serta menyimpan maklumat internet yang mengandungi penyataan fitnah atau hasutan yang mendorong kepada kerosakkan imej negara.
• Menyalahgunakan kemudahan perbincangan awam atas talian seperti newsgroup dan bulletin board.
• Memuat naik, memuat turun dan menyimpan bahan-bahan yang bercorak penentangan sehingga mengakibatkan huru-hara.
• Memuat turun, menyimpan dan menggunakan perisian berbentuk hiburan atas talian seperti permaianan elektronik, video dan lagu.
• Menggunakan kemudahan internet untuk tujuan peribadi.
• Melakukan aktiviti jenayah seperti menyebarkan bahan yang membabitkan perjudian, senjata dan aktiviti pengganas.
• Menyebarkan kod perosak sepert virus, worm, trojan horse dan trap door yang menyebabkan kerosakkan sistem komputer lain.
• Memuat naik, memuat turun, menghantar dan menyimpan kad elektronik, video, lagu dan kepilan fail melebihi saiz 10 megabait yang mengakibatkan kelembapan perkhidmatan dan operasi sistem rangkaian komputer.
• Menggunakan kemudahan modem untuk membuat capaian terus ke internet.

KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN KOMPUTER

Komputer merupakan satu peralatan elektronik. Ia beroperasi di bawah kawalan arahan-arahan yang tersimpan di dalam memorinya sendiri. Segala yang diterimaoleh komputer kemudiannya diproses membentuk maklumat. Komputer mempunyai banyak komponen sama ada komponen elektrik, elektronik mahupun mekanikal. Berikut merupakan komponen-komponen komputer:

Perkakas Input (Input Device)
Membolehkan pengguna memasukkan data ke dalam komputer.

• Papan Kekunci (Keyboard)

• Tetikus (Mouse)

• Pengimbas (Scanner)

• Kayu Ria (Joy Stick)

• Mikrofon (Microphone)

Perkakas Output (Output Device)
Komponen hardware yang memaparkan maklumat kepada pengguna.

• Pencetak (Printer)

• Monitor

• Pembesar Suara (Speaker Audio)

• Projektor LCD

• Mesin Plot (Plotters)

Sistem Unit
Peti atau bekas yang mengandungi komponen-komponen elektronik yang digunakan untuk memproses data.

• Papan Induk (Motherboard)

• Unit Pemprosesan Pusat (CPU)

• Ingatan Capaian Rawak (RAM)

• Ingatan Baca Sahaja (ROM)

• Slot Dan Papan Pengembangan (Slot And Expansion Card)

Perkakas Simpanan (Storage Device)
Menyimpan data, arahan dan maklumat yang akan digunakan pada waktu berikutnya.

• Pemacu Keras USB (Pen Drive)

• Kad Memori (Memory Card)

• Cakera Liut (Diskatte)

• Cakera Obtikal

1. CD (Compact Disk)
2. DVD ( Digital Versatile/ Video Disc)
3. Blue-Ray Disc (BD)

• Pita Magnetik

Perkakas Komunikasi (Communication Device)
Membolehkan komputer menghantar dan menerima data, arahan dan maklumat daripada peranti lain.

• Modem

• Kabel Rangkaian 

• Hab

• Suis (Switch)

• Penghala (Router)

10 Examples of E-Government Project In Malaysia

What is E-Government? E-government is short for electronic government. E-government also known as e-gov, Internet Government, Digital Government, Online Government, and Connected Government.

• G2G (Government to Government)
• G2C (Government to Citizen)
• G2E (Government to Employees)
• G2B (Government to Business)    

        
E-Government is the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the activities of public sector organizations. The Malaysia's Electronic Government initiative began in 1997 with the launch of Multimedia Super Corridor's (MSC) E-Government Flagship Application to lead the country into the Information Age. There are ten projects of  E-Government in Malaysia:

1. Project Monitoring System (SSP II)

This project is about an online system that monitors the life cycles of national programs such as from project applications to approval to implementation, mid-term review and completion.

2. Electronic Services (E-Services)

The users of the Electronic Services are able to conduct transaction with government agencies like Tenaga National Berhad (TNB), Road Transport Department (RTD) and others without queuing, traffic jams or bureaucratic hassles. They can conduct the transaction through various convenient channels such as E-Services kiosks and internet.

3. E-Syariah
E-Syariah is used to improve the quality of services of the Syariah Courts. This system also helps to improve the productivity and efficiency of the management of the Syariah Courts throughout the country.

4. Electronic Labour Exchange (ELX)
Electronic Labour Exchange is one stop-centre for labour market information. This project is provides an effective center of labour market information and references and involves effective and integrated job matching process. ELX is supervised by the Ministry of Human Resource  to enable employers and job seekers to communicate on the same platform.

5.My Government
It is portal act as one-stop-source of Malaysian government information and services for citizen.This portal provide information and service such as news messaging, e-transaction and more

6.MyEG
MyEG Services Berhad is a concessionaire for the Malaysian E-Government MSC Flagship Application. It provide the electronic link between the government and citizens or businesses. More than that it enables Malaysians to interact with numerous agencies within the Federal, State and Local Government.

7. Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS)
It is integrated, technology enabled Human Resource Management Information System for the Malaysian Public Service incorporating Global Best Practices in HR to be successfully deal with the Challenges of the K-Economy.

8. Generic Office Environment (GOE)
GOE is a powerful document and office management solution that enables users to manage their system effectively and efficiently. This web has been customized based on local developed package, DRDok.

9. Electronic Procurement (EP)
It is a system that enables suppliers to sell goods and services to the government through online. Suppliers advertised their goods, present their pricing, process orders and deliveries on the World Wide Web.

10. Internal Revenue Department (IRD)
IRD is companies online tax by using Mykey Digital signature, which was offered by MSC Trustgate. These companies are able to digitally sign their C form and submit the document electronically to IRD.